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Compare Tuvalu (2002) - Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2006)

Compare Tuvalu (2002) z Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2006)

 Tuvalu (2002)Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2006)
 TuvaluAshmore and Cartier Islands
Administrative divisions none -
Age structure 0-14 years: 32.6% (male 1,851; female 1,785)


15-64 years: 62.3% (male 3,335; female 3,607)


65 years and over: 5.1% (male 233; female 335) (2002 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products coconuts; fish -
Airports 1 (2001) -
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)		 -
Area total: 26 sq km


land: 26 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
Area - comparative 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background In 1974, ethnic differences within the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the Ellice Islands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the Gilbert Islands. The following year, the Ellice Islands became the separate British colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000, Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name ".tv" for $50 million in royalties over the next dozen years. These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.
Birth rate 21.44 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Budget revenues: $22.5 million


expenditures: $11.2 million, including capital expenditures of $4.2 million (2000 est.)		 -
Capital Fongafale -
Climate tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March) tropical
Coastline 24 km 74.1 km
Constitution 1 October 1978 -
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Tuvalu


former: Ellice Islands


note: "Tuvalu" means "group of eight," referring to the country's eight traditionally inhabited islands		 conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Currency Australian dollar (AUD); note - there is also a Tuvaluan dollar -
Death rate 7.45 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Debt - external $NA -
Dependency status - territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US Tuvalu does not have an embassy in the US - the country's only diplomatic post is in Fiji - Tuvalu does, however, have a UN office located at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, New York 10017, telephone: [1] (212) 490-0534 none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international none Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed the surrounding waters to Indonesian traditional fishing and created a national park in the region while continuing to prospect for hydrocarbons in the vicinity
Economic aid - recipient $13 million (1999 est.); note - major donors are Japan, Australia, and the US (1999 est.) -
Economy - overview Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. Fewer than 1,000 tourists, on average, visit Tuvalu annually. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker remittances. About 1,000 Tuvaluans work in Nauru in the phosphate mining industry. Nauru has begun repatriating Tuvaluans, however, as phosphate resources decline. Substantial income is received annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. Thanks to wise investments and conservative withdrawals, this Fund has grown from an initial $17 million to over $35 million in 1999. The US government is also a major revenue source for Tuvalu, with 1999 payments from a 1988 treaty on fisheries at about $9 million, a total which is expected to rise annually. In an effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid, the government is pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization of some government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%. In 1998, Tuvalu began deriving revenue from use of its area code for "900" lines and in 2000, from the lease of its ".tv" Internet domain name. Royalties from these new technology sources could raise GDP substantially over the next decade. With merchandise exports only a fraction of merchandise imports, continued reliance must be placed on fishing and telecommunications license fees, remittances from overseas workers, official transfers, and investment income from overseas assets. no economic activity
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: NA%


hydro: NA%


nuclear: NA%


other: NA%		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 5 m		 lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m
Environment - current issues since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, most water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one desalination plant and plans to build one other); beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is very concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on rising sea levels, which threaten the country's underground water table; in 2000, the government appealed to Australia and New Zealand to take in Tuvaluans if rising sea levels should make evacuation necessary NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Law of the Sea		 -
Ethnic groups Polynesian 96%, Micronesian 4% -
Exchange rates Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997) -
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Tomasi PUAPUA, M.D. (since 26 June 1998)


head of government: Prime Minister Saufatu SOPOANGA (since 2 August 2002)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of Parliament; election last held 2 August 2002 (next to be held NA)


election results: Saufatu SOPOANGA elected prime minister; Parliamentary vote - Saufatu SOPOANGA 8, Amasone KILEI 7		 -
Exports $276,000 f.o.b. (1997) -
Exports - commodities copra, fish -
Exports - partners Sweden, Fiji, Iceland, Germany, Greece (2000) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands the flag of Australia is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $12.2 million (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2000 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 8 00 S, 178 00 E 12 14 S, 123 05 E
Geography - note one of the smallest and most remote countries on Earth; six of the coral atolls - Nanumea, Nui, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, and Nukulaelae - have lagoons open to the ocean; Nanumaya and Niutao have landlocked lagoons; Niulakita does not have a lagoon Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983
Highways total: 19.5 km


paved: 0 km


unpaved: 19.5 km (2002)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports $7.2 million c.i.f. (1998) -
Imports - commodities food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods -
Imports - partners Fiji, Australia, Portugal, NZ (2000) -
Independence 1 October 1978 (from UK) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries fishing, tourism, copra -
Infant mortality rate 22 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5% (2000 est.) -
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, IFRCS (associate), ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTrO (applicant) -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 0 sq km
Judicial branch High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction) -
Labor force 7,000 (2001 est.) -
Labor force - by occupation people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by those abroad (mostly workers in the phosphate industry and sailors) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2005)
Languages Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui) -
Legal system NA the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of Assembly (15 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 25 July 2002 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 66.98 years


male: 64.83 years


female: 69.23 years (2002 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: percentage of people over the age of 15 who can read and write


total population: 55% (1996)


male: NA%


female: NA%		 -
Location Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island
Map references Oceania Southeast Asia
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 12 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 31,021 GRT/52,198 DWT


ships by type: cargo 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 5 (2002 est.)		 -
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
Military branches no regular military forces; Police Force (includes Maritime Surveillance Unit for search and rescue missions and surveillance operations) -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% -
National holiday Independence Day, 1 October (1978) -
Nationality noun: Tuvaluan(s)


adjective: Tuvaluan		 -
Natural hazards severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Natural resources fish fish
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
People - note - the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem
Political parties and leaders there are no political parties but members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings -
Political pressure groups and leaders none -
Population 11,146 (July 2002 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 1.4% (2002 est.) -
Ports and harbors Funafuti, Nukufetau -
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1999) -
Radios 4,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: serves particular needs for internal communications


domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands


international: NA		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 1,000 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1994) -
Television broadcast stations 0 (1997) -
Terrain very low-lying and narrow coral atolls low with sand and coral
Total fertility rate 3.07 children born/woman (2002 est.) -
Unemployment rate NA% -
Waterways none -
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